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Citrine

Quartz

By Tim Matthews, JD, FGA, GG, DGA,
CEO and President of JTV (retired)
Published: June 2014
Modified: September 2023
Citrine Polished Citrine Rough Citrine Jewelry
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Need citrine in your gemstone collection? Shop for citrine through gemstones.com on Jedora.
Table of Contents
  • General Information
  • Citrine Colors
  • Alternate Names
  • Countries of Origin
  • History
  • Care
  • More About Citrine
  • Species/Variety
  • Related Videos

Citrine is the light to medium yellow and golden to reddish brown variety of quartz. It gets its name for the French word citron which means lemon. Most of the citrine on the market is heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. Citrine owes most of its color to the ferric iron within the host material. The term madeira which is the Brazilian word for wood, or wood colored, is applied to stones with a warm yellow or orange color.

General Information

  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical Properties
  • Chemistry & Crystallography
Common Name
Citrine
Species
Quartz
Transparency
Translucent-Transparent
Dispersion
Strength: Weak Fire Value: 0.013
Refractive Index
1.544-1.553
Tolerance:very constant
Birefringence
0.009
Optic Character
Uniaxial
Optic Sign
Positive
Polariscope Reaction
Doubly Refractive (DR)
Fluorescence
SWUV: Inert
LWUV: Inert
Pleochroism
Dichroic, weak to moderate shades of yellow
Hardness
7
Streak
White
Specific Gravity
2.640-2.690 Range:0.03/-0.02 Typical:2.660
Toughness
Good
Inclusions
Citrine is a type I clarity gemstone. The material is often color zoned. Stones occasionally display parallel linear liquid-filled inclusions called "tiger stripes" or "zebra stripes". Stones may contain crystals, negative crystals, liquid inclusions, two-phase inclusions, and partially healed fractures.
Luster
Vitreous
Stability
Good
Fracture
Conchoidal
Cleavage
None
Chemical Name
silicon dioxide (aka silica)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Crystal System
Trigonal
Chemistry Classification
Silicate

Citrine Colors

  • Bi-color Citrine
    Bi-color
  • Brown Citrine
    Brown
  • Orange Citrine
    Orange
  • Yellow Citrine
    Yellow

Alternate Names

Madeira Citrine

Countries of Origin

Tanzania, United Republic Of; Russian Federation; Uruguay; Belize; Madagascar; Thailand; Bolivia (Plurinational State of); India; Mozambique; Unknown; China; Namibia; Brazil; Nigeria

History

It's like owning a piece of the setting sun. Such rich and golden light! Citrine is one of the most popular gemstones in the quartz group. Its excellent transparency and inimitable golden color (which comes from iron) makes it a favorite. It typically grows close to its sister stone, amethyst, and is sometimes found in beautiful mandarin-orange and madeira-red hues. There is evidence that suggests the heat from magma activity naturally transforms some amethyst or smoky quartz into citrine. We pay homage to mother nature in that many of the citrines on the market are heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.

Care

Citrine is a member of the quartz family and a 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. It's a sister stone to the popular amethyst and is very wearable. Clean it with warm water, mild soap, rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth.

Citrine Gemstone

More About Citrine

It's believed by some that citrine repels negative energy. That would make it ideal for people who are concerned about negative energy in their environments. And truly, this sunny golden stone must surely radiate good things! In fact, some people believe that citrine carries the powers of the sun. One of our favorite bits of folkloric information is that when life's inevitable disasters strike, citrine helps you "pick up the broken pieces", start fresh, and feel sunny again.

Species/Variety

Madeira Citrine

The Madeira name comes from the Brazilian word meaning ‘wood’ or ‘wood colored’. Most madeira citrine comes from heating amethyst with a brownish core to get the warm yellow or orange color. The primary sources come from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, Zambia, and Madagascar.

Madeira Citrine Citrine
Madeira Citrine Citrine
  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical properties
Common Name
Madeira Citrine
Dispersion
0.013
Birefringence
0.009
CCF Reaction
None
Specific Gravity
2.640
Toughness
Good

Related Videos

Shop for citrine on Jedora! Citrine is a special quartz known for its yellow, orange or brown hues.
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