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Peridot

Olivine

By Tim Matthews, JD, FGA, GG, DGA,
CEO and President of JTV (retired)
Published: June 2014
Modified: September 2023
Peridot Polished Peridot Rough Peridot Jewelry
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Need peridot in your collection? Shop for peridot gemstones on Jedora.
Table of Contents
  • General Information
  • Peridot Colors
  • Alternate Names
  • Countries of Origin
  • History
  • Care
  • More About Peridot
  • Related Videos

Peridot is a variety of forsterite in the olivine group. It is the August birthstone. Peridot is often described as olive green, but it can be various shades of greenish yellow to yellowish green. Historical records state that Peridot was mined by the ancient Egyptians in the 3rd century, on the island of Topazios, in the Red Sea. This island is now known as Zagbargad or St. John’s Island today. Faceted peridot larger than 100 carats has been cut but is rare. Peridot comes from many locations on the planet earth but pallasitic peridot comes from outer space.

General Information

  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical Properties
  • Chemistry & Crystallography
Common Name
Peridot
Species
Olivine
Transparency
Transparent
Refractive Index
1.654-1.690
Tolerance:(+0.020/-0.020)
Birefringence
0.035-0.038
Optic Character
Biaxial
Optic Sign
Positive or Negative
Polariscope Reaction
Doubly Refractive (DR)
Fluorescence
SWUV: Inert
LWUV: Inert
Pleochroism
Dichroic, unobservable or weak, varying shades of body color
Hardness
6.5-7
Streak
White
Specific Gravity
3.270-3.380 Range:0.04/-0.07 Typical:3.340
Toughness
Varies
Inclusions
Peridot is a type II clarity stone. Peridot might contain black octahedral chromite crystals. Stones might have liquid and gas inclusions that sometimes cause stress cracks that have a disk-like or "lily pad" appearance. Stones occasionally have mica flakes that give the stone a brownish hue. Stones from Pakistan often contain black ludwigite inclusions that have a hair or rod-like appearance.
Luster
Vitreous
Stability
Fair
Fracture
Conchoidal
Cleavage
Good, in two directions
Chemical Name
magnesium iron silicate
Chemical Formula
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Crystal System
Orthorhombic
Chemistry Classification
Silicate

Peridot Colors

  • Green Peridot
    Green
  • Green Peridot
    Green
  • Yellow Peridot
    Yellow

Alternate Names

Chrysolite, Hawaiite

Countries of Origin

Tanzania, United Republic Of; Myanmar; Afghanistan; Russian Federation; Viet Nam; United States of America; Egypt; Madagascar; Thailand; Mongolia; Mozambique; Pakistan; Korea (the Republic of); Unknown; Mali; China; Brazil; Chile; Nepal; Colombia; Sri Lanka; Kenya; India; Norway; Namibia; Mexico; Ethiopia; Indonesia

History

The August birthstone, peridot is sometimes called the "Evening Emerald". We believe that is misleading and does a disservice to this verdant stone. Although it's been mistaken for emerald, peridot is not an emerald (beryl); it's an olivine. Peridot's natural color - a luminous green with a touch of brilliant yellow - makes it very desirable. To add to its appeal, it's found in a wide variety of shades from the intense to the pastel. Peridot gets its color from iron. Peridot is found in lava, deep in the earth's mantle and occasionally, in meteorites that have fallen to earth. This affordable stone has a distinguished history. Peridots were among Cleopatra's treasures, although at that time they were mistaken for emeralds.

Care

Avoid sudden temperature changes, harsh chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.

Peridot Gemstone

More About Peridot

The ancient Greeks believed peridot bestowed regal grace upon its wearer. Certainly, many a king and queen have worn this remarkable green stone in crown jewels. The ancient Egyptians called it the "gem of the sun." In Hawaiian folklore, Peridot is said to symbolize the tears of Pele, goddess of volcanoes and fire. Gaze into a beautiful peridot... it's like seeing eternal spring. When you own peridot, you have your very own piece of endless springtime.

Related Videos

Shop for peridot, a precious gem known for its gorgeous light-green color, available from Jedora.
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