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Madeira Citrine

Quartz

By Tim Matthews, JD, FGA, GG, DGA,
CEO and President of JTV
Published: June 2014
Modified: November 2021
Madeira Citrine Polished Madeira Citrine Rough Madeira Citrine Jewelry
Table of Contents
  • General Information
  • Madeira Citrine Colors
  • Countries of Origin
  • History
  • Care

The Madeira name comes from the Brazilian word meaning ‘wood’ or ‘wood colored’. Most madeira citrine comes from heating amethyst with a brownish core to get the warm yellow or orange color. The primary sources come from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, Zambia, and Madagascar.

General Information

  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical Properties
  • Chemistry & Crystallography
Common Name
Madeira Citrine
Species
Quartz
Transparency
Translucent-Transparent
Dispersion
Strength: Weak Fire Value: 0.013
Refractive Index
1.544-1.553 Tolerance: very constant
Birefringence
0.009
Optic Character
Uniaxial
Optic Sign
Positive
Polariscope Reaction
Doubly Refractive (DR)
Fluorescence
SWUV: Inert
LWUV: Inert
CCF Reaction
None
Pleochroism
Dichroic, weak to moderate shades of yellow
Hardness
7
Toughness
Good
Inclusions
Citrine is a type I clarity. Color zoning in citrine is often present in the form of "tiger stripes" or "zebra stripes". Stones may contain crystals, negative crystals, liquid inclusions, two-phase inclusions and partially-healed fractures.
Luster
Vitreous
Stability
Good
Fracture
Conchoidal
Cleavage
None
Chemical Name
silicon dioxide (aka silica)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Crystal System
Trigonal

Madeira Citrine Colors

  • Orange Madeira Citrine
    Orange
  • Yellow Madeira Citrine
    Yellow
  • Orange Madeira Citrine
    Orange

Countries of Origin

Unknown; Uruguay; Brazil; Madagascar; Zambia

History

Madeira citrine was often confused with topaz before modern gemological testing.

Care

Avoid jewelers torch.

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