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Mother-Of-Pearl

Shell

By Tim Matthews, JD, FGA, GG, DGA,
CEO and President of JTV (retired)
Published: June 2014
Modified: March 2022
Mother-Of-Pearl Polished Mother-Of-Pearl Rough Mother-Of-Pearl Jewelry
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Table of Contents
  • General Information
  • Mother-Of-Pearl Colors
  • Countries of Origin
  • History
  • Care
  • More About Mother-Of-Pearl

Mother-Of-Pearl is the iridescent nacre layer that forms on the inside of a shell. Mother-Of-Pearl is made up of brick-like layers of hexagonal platelets of aragonite. The iridescence or rainbow colors are caused by differential refraction of light waves off the aragonite layers. Mother-Of-Pearl is used for decorative objects, watch faces, jewelry, buttons, musical instruments, firearms, and knives.

General Information

  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical Properties
  • Chemistry & Crystallography
Common Name
Mother-Of-Pearl
Species
Shell
Transparency
Translucent - Opaque
Refractive Index
1.530-1.685
Birefringence
0.155
Polariscope Reaction
Aggregate (AGG)
Fluorescence
SWUV: Variable
LWUV: Variable
Pleochroism
None
Hardness
3.5
Specific Gravity
2.700-2.890 Typical: 2.860
Toughness
Fair
Inclusions
Mother-of-pearl cameos will show concave backs due to structure of the shell. Shells will display iridescence or orient and will have parallel growth structure.
Luster
Greasy, Pearly
Fracture
Uneven, Splintery
Cleavage
None
Chemical Name
calcium carbonate, conchiolin and water
Chemical Formula
CaCO3 with H2O and other organic materials
Crystal System
NA
Chemistry Classification
Organic

Mother-Of-Pearl Colors

  • Bi-color Mother-Of-Pearl
    Bi-color
  • Black Mother-Of-Pearl
    Black
  • Blue Mother-Of-Pearl
    Blue
  • Brown Mother-Of-Pearl
    Brown
  • Gray Mother-Of-Pearl
    Gray
  • Green Mother-Of-Pearl
    Green
  • Multi-color Mother-Of-Pearl
    Multi-color
  • Orange Mother-Of-Pearl
    Orange
  • Pink Mother-Of-Pearl
    Pink
  • Purple Mother-Of-Pearl
    Purple
  • Red Mother-Of-Pearl
    Red
  • White Mother-Of-Pearl
    White
  • Yellow Mother-Of-Pearl
    Yellow

Countries of Origin

Papua New Guinea; Cambodia; Bahamas; Solomon Islands; Unknown; Marshall Islands; Guadeloupe; Panama; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba; Argentina; Seychelles; Belize; Bahrain; Guinea-Bissau; Saint Barthelemy; Namibia; Comoros; Faroe Islands; Finland; Georgia; Yemen; Tanzania, United Republic Of; Eritrea; Puerto Rico; Viet Nam; Aruba; Madagascar; Libya; Sweden; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Poland; Bulgaria; Jordan; Tunisia; Tuvalu; United Arab Emirates; Kenya; French Polynesia; Djibouti; Lebanon; Azerbaijan; Cuba; Mauritania; Saint Lucia; Guernsey; Mayotte; Israel; Australia; Myanmar; Cameroon; Gibraltar; Cyprus; Northern Mariana Islands; Malaysia; Iceland; Oman; Gabon; Korea (the Republic of); Brazil; Turks and Caicos Islands; Cabo Verde; Jersey; Slovenia; Colombia; Ecuador; Iran (Islamic Republic of); Vanuatu; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Honduras; Italy; Nauru; Haiti; Burundi; Russian Federation; Singapore; French Guiana; American Samoa; Christmas Island; Netherlands; China; Martinique; Reunion; Saint Pierre And Miquelon; Cote D'Ivoire; Multiple; Romania; Falkland Islands [Malvinas]; Togo; Philippines; Pitcairn; British Indian Ocean Territory; Montenegro; Dominica; Indonesia; Benin; Virgin Islands (British); Sudan; Brunei Darussalam; Portugal; New Caledonia; Grenada; Cayman Islands; Greece; Latvia; Morocco; Guatemala; Guyana; Iraq; Chile; Isle of Man; Ghana; Anguilla; Saint Vincent And The Grenadines; India; Canada; Maldives; Turkey; Belgium; South Africa; Bermuda; Jamaica; Peru; Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of); Germany; Fiji; Tokelau; Hong Kong; Guinea; Somalia; Thailand; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Equatorial Guinea; Kiribati; Costa Rica; Saint Martin (French part); Kuwait; Nigeria; Croatia; Sao Tome And Principe; Syrian Arab Republic; Cook Islands; Sri Lanka; Uruguay; Timor-Leste; Samoa; Spain; Liberia; Palau; Estonia; Wallis and Futuna; Niue; Svalbard And Jan Mayen; Mozambique; El Salvador; Monaco; Guam; Tonga; Heard Island And Mcdonald Islands; Western Sahara; Japan; Curacao; Mauritius; Taiwan (Province of China); Norfolk Island; Trinidad And Tobago; Virgin Islands (U.S.); New Zealand; Sint Maarten (Dutch part); Senegal; Micronesia (Federated States of); Ethiopia; United States of America; Egypt; Sierra Leone; Malta; Saudi Arabia; South Georgia And The South Sandwich Islands; Gambia; Ireland; Qatar; France; Lithuania; Saint Kitts And Nevis; French Southern Territories; Bangladesh; Barbados; Nicaragua; Norway; Macao; Denmark; Dominican Republic; Mexico; Suriname; Greenland; Antigua And Barbuda

History

She is iridescent and emits moonlight rainbows - pastel versions of the arc we see across the sky. She is made of nacre, the same substance as a treasured pearl, and is only found on the shells of pearl-making mollusks. Her color helps determine the color of the pearl made by her mollusk. Mother-of-pearl. She comes naturally in an array of lovely colors - white, gray, silver, yellow, blue-green, bronze, pink, red, brown, black, or banded. She can also be dyed to intensify or even change her natural color. She is made into jewelry and buttons; she is inlaid in everything from hair brushes to guitars. She is even used, on occasion, as the seed of a cultured pearl. Mother-of-pearl - she is distinctly lovely and universally appealing.

Care

Mother-of-pearl is a 3 ½ on the Mohs scale and easily scratched. It's often protected by stabilization or with a coating. It's often dyed. Don't use ultrasonic or steam cleaners and avoid chemicals. We recommend that you wipe it clean using a soft, dry cloth.

More About Mother-Of-Pearl

Since the beginning of recorded history, many cultures have associated pearls and mother-of-pearl with the moon. Some ancient cultures believed that a pearl was the child of the moon and the mollusk.

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