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Sunstone

Feldspar

By Tim Matthews, JD, FGA, GG, DGA,
CEO and President of JTV (retired)
Published: June 2014
Modified: March 2022
Sunstone Polished Sunstone Rough Sunstone Jewelry
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Table of Contents
  • General Information
  • Sunstone Colors
  • Alternate Names
  • Countries of Origin
  • Care
  • Species/Variety

Sunstone is a phenomenal variety of feldspar that exhibits a glittery metallic display known as aventurescence. The Oligoclase and Orthoclase feldspar varieties contain hematite and ilmenite platelets that catch the light. Labradorite feldspar, better known as Oregon Sunstone, and labradorite-bytownite feldspar from Ethiopia have tiny copper platelet inclusions that cause schiller or adventurescence. Sunstone often appears coppery to reddish brown but may also appear yellow, orange, red, and green to blue green, with numerous shades possible.

General Information

  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical Properties
  • Chemistry & Crystallography
Common Name
Sunstone
Species
Feldspar
Transparency
Semitransparent - Opaque
Refractive Index
1.518-1.572
Birefringence
0.005- 0.009
Optic Character
Biaxial
Optic Sign
Negative
Polariscope Reaction
Aggregate (AGG), Doubly Refractive (DR)
Fluorescence
SWUV: Inert
LWUV: Inert
Pleochroism
Unobservable
Hardness
6
Specific Gravity
2.620-2.670 Range:0.02/-0.03 Typical:2.650
Toughness
Poor
Inclusions
Sunstones contain tiny reddish to golden or green platelets of hematite or goethite. Stones might show a four-rayed star with slivery adularescence if fine needles intersect.
Luster
Vitreous
Stability
Good
Fracture
Uneven, Splintery
Cleavage
Perfect, in two directions
Chemical Name
calcium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate
Chemical Formula
KAlSi3O8 or (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)2Si2O8

Crystal System
NA
Chemistry Classification
Silicate

Sunstone Colors

  • Bi-color Sunstone
    Bi-color
  • Brown Sunstone
    Brown
  • Colorless Sunstone
    Colorless
  • Green Sunstone
    Green
  • Multi-color Sunstone
    Multi-color
  • Orange Sunstone
    Orange
  • Red Sunstone
    Red
  • Yellow Sunstone
    Yellow

Alternate Names

Oregon Sunstone; Aventurescent Feldspar; Orthoclase Sunstone; Star Sunstone; Oligoclase Sunstone; Labradorite Sunstone

Countries of Origin

Tanzania, United Republic Of; Colombia; Unknown; China; United States of America; Brazil; Mexico; South Africa; Congo; Germany; India

Care

Normal, gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners.

Species/Variety

Sunstone (Labradorite)

Labradorite sunstone was only thought to be found in Eastern Oregon until 2015 when a variety labradorite-bytownite feldspar was discovered in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The three Oregon mines are the Dust Devil, Ponderosa and the Sunstone Butte. Stones can be near-colorless, green, red, yellow or combinations of these colors. The stones have tiny copper platelet inclusions that cause schiller or adventurescence.

Sunstone (Labradorite) Sunstone
Sunstone (Labradorite) Sunstone
  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical properties
Common Name
Sunstone (Labradorite)
Refractive Index
1.563-1.572
Specific Gravity
2.67
Inclusions
Oregon sunstone contain tiny orange or yellow copper platelets or hematite platelets and stones might display adventurescence. Parting is common in this material.

Sunstone (Oligoclase)

Oligoclase sunstone contains hematite platelet inclusions that catch the light. Oligoclase sunstone is called "aventurescent feldspar" when inclusions are large and produce sparkling reflections. India is a source for this type of sunstone. Oligoclase sunstone will have a slightly higher refractive index 1.539-1.547 than Orthoclase sunstone 1.518-1.526.

Sunstone (Oligoclase) Sunstone
Sunstone (Oligoclase) Sunstone
  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical properties
Common Name
Sunstone (Oligoclase)
Refractive Index
1.539-1.547
CCF Reaction
Weak orange pink
Specific Gravity
2.63
Inclusions
Sunstones contain tiny reddish to golden or green platelets of hematite or goethite. Stones might show a four-rayed star with slivery adularescence if fine needles intersect.

Sunstone (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase sunstone is one of the aventurescent feldspar varieties. Some of the best orthoclase sunstone comes from the Hart’s Range area in Australia. In the trade this material is called “rainbow lattice sunstone”. This material contains hematite and ilmenite platelets and shows rainbow interference colors. Oregon also produces “Oregon Cinnamon Sunstone” that contains hematite platelets. Orthoclase sunstone will have a slightly lower Refractive index than the oligoclase variety of sunstone.

Sunstone (Orthoclase) Sunstone
Sunstone (Orthoclase) Sunstone
  • Classification
  • Optical Properties
  • Characteristic Physical properties
Common Name
Sunstone (Orthoclase)
Refractive Index
1.518-1.526
Specific Gravity
2.58
Inclusions
Sunstones contain tiny reddish to golden or green platelets of hematite or goethite. Stones might show a four-rayed star with slivery adularescence if fine needles intersect.
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